Preventing falls at home: a room-by-room checklist

Why falls matter

Falls are a common cause of injury as we get older, and many happen at home. A fall can also knock your confidence, which makes people move less, and moving less makes the next fall more likely. The good news: the NHS and the US National Institute on Aging (NIA) agree that many falls can be prevented.

Room by room

Stairs and hallways

• Handrails on both sides of the stairs, firmly fixed, running the full length.
• Light switches at the top and bottom of the stairs, and a night light in the hallway.
• Nothing left on the stairs. Fix loose carpet or treads.

Bathroom

• Grab bars by the toilet and in the shower or bath (towel rails are not built to take your weight).
• Non-slip mats in the bath or shower and on the floor.
• A shower seat if standing for a long time is tiring.

Bedroom

• A lamp or light switch you can reach from bed.
• A clear path from bed to bathroom, with a night light on the way.
• Sit on the edge of the bed for a moment before standing up.

Kitchen and living room

• Keep things you use every day at waist or shoulder height, so you do not need a step stool.
• Remove or tape down loose rugs, and keep cables out of walkways.
• Wipe up spills straight away.

Your body: eyes, feet, medicines

• Have your eyes tested regularly and wear the right glasses.
• Wear well-fitting shoes or slippers with a grip, not loose slip-ons or socks on smooth floors.
• Ask a doctor or pharmacist to review your medicines. Some, or combinations of them, can make you dizzy or drowsy.
• Tell your doctor if you have had a fall or feel unsteady, even if you were not hurt.

Strength and balance

Regular exercise that builds strength and balance is one of the best-supported ways to prevent falls. NHS physical activity guidance for older adults recommends activities that improve strength, balance and flexibility, and reducing time spent sitting. Tai chi and dance are examples. If you are unsure where to start, ask your GP or doctor about a falls-prevention or strength-and-balance class.

If you do fall

Stay calm and check whether you are hurt before trying to get up. If you can, roll onto your hands and knees and use a sturdy chair to help you up slowly. If you cannot get up, call for help and try to keep warm. A personal alarm or a phone you keep on you means you can call for help from anywhere in the house.